Political Science

Todd G. Shields

Department Chair

428 Old Main

479-575-3356

E-mail: tshield@uark.edu

Margaret F. Reid

Graduate Coordinator, MPA Director

479-575-3356

E-mail: mreid@uark.edu

Web: http://www.uark.edu/depts/plscinfo/

• Professors Kelley, Miller, Waligorski
• Associate Professors Conge, Kerr, Parry, Reid, Ryan, Shields
• Assistant Professors Ghadbian, Hansen, Schreckhise, Zeng
• Adjunct Professors Purvis, Smith

Degrees Conferred:

M.A. (PLSC)

M.P.A. in Public Administration (PADM)

J.D./M.A. (Dual Degree)

J.D./M.P.A. (Dual Degree)

M.A. Areas of Concentration: American politics, comparative politics, international politics, political theory, public administration.

Primary Areas of Faculty Research: American politics,
comparative politics, international politics, political theory, public administration.

The M.A. degree in Political Science is designed to give students further training in selected areas of concentration within the discipline and to prepare them for careers in academe or public service.

Admission Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree Program: Applicants for graduate study in political science must be admitted to the Graduate School and also meet the following requirements: 1) satisfactory GRE scores, 2) submission of a written essay, and 3) three letters of recommendation from persons competent to judge the applicant’s potential for graduate studies. Students from all academic backgrounds are encouraged to apply. Students who have had few political science courses at the undergraduate level may be required to enroll in several undergraduate courses at the beginning of their course of graduate study.

Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree: The M.A. degree is a 36-semester hour program. Completion of the program is contingent upon passing written comprehensive examinations covering major course work. Courses at the 4000 level may be taken with the advisor’s consent. Under special circumstances students may arrange to take graduate-level directed readings or independent research courses. Such courses require an application that must be approved by the student’s graduate adviser and in concert with the professor from whom the course is to be taken. The student must apply for such a course before the semester in which the course is to be taken.

Courses are offered in American politics, comparative politics, international relations, political theory/methods, and public administration/public policy. The student must select two concentrations from these areas. Selection of the areas of concentration should be commensurate with the professional or career goals of the student. A minimum of 18 hours must be fulfilled by seminars (5000-level classes) in each of the student’s chosen areas of concentration. All M.A. students are required to take PLSC 5913 Research Methods. Ph.D.-bound students are advised to take at least one additional methods or quantitative analysis course. Students must take a minimum of 27 of their 36 course hours in the Department of Political Science. The remaining hours may be taken in other departments.

Thesis Option: Students must take 30 hours of course work and six hours of thesis credit. Students must select two areas of concentration. Under this option, students take a comprehensive exam in one field. To prepare for the examination, students are advised to take a minimum of four classes in their testing area. All M.A. candidates in this option are required to develop a prospectus for their thesis. They must then write and orally defend an acceptable thesis.

Non-thesis Option: Students must take 36 semester hours of course work. Students must select two areas of concentration as listed above. Under this option, students must take a comprehensive examination in each area. To prepare for the examinations, students are advised to take a minimum of four classes in their testing areas.

The Master of Public Administration program is administered by the Department of Political Science. The major objectives of the program are as follows:

1. to provide a broad flexible program to prepare students for careers in public service and nonprofit management;

2. to afford opportunities to practicing administrators for improving their careers and services through advanced education and training; and

3. to prepare scholars for further graduate study in the field of public administration.

Prerequisites for Admission to the M.P.A. Degree Program:

1. Admission to the Graduate School

2. Minimum total score of 1,000 on the verbal and quantitative portions of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE). (GRE scores may be waived under certain circumstances at the discretion of the PLSC Admissions Committee. Examples of possible exceptions include the successful completion of a master’s degree or the submission of GMAT or LSAT scores in lieu of GRE scores).

3. 3.20 minimum grade-point average in the last 60 hours of undergraduate course work.

4. Students deficient in (2) or (3) above may be admitted if they score a minimum number of points according to the following formula: a total of at least 1600 points from (200 x GPA) + GRE score on verbal and quantitative sections; GPA based upon the last 60 hours of undergraduate work.

5. A written essay, submitted in accordance with standards set by the PLSC Admissions Committee.

6. Three letters of recommendation from persons competent to judge the applicant’s academic/work experience.

7. Academic prerequisites: the PLSC Admissions Committee may require appropriate course work related to an understanding of governmental processes and activities to cover deficiencies in past education.

8. All requirements listed above must be completed and reported before the beginning of the student’s second semester or the student will not be admitted to courses that semester.

Requirements for the Master of Public Administration Degree: The M.P.A. requires a total of 42 semester hours of which 27 hours are to be 5000-level courses or above.

Required Courses (9 semester hours)

PLSC 5193 Seminar in Public Admin.

PADM 5803 Quantitative Methods Analysis

PADM 5813 Methods in Public Management Information

Select five from the following 10 courses:

PLSC 5103 Human Behavior in Complex Organizations

PLSC 5113 Seminar: Human Resource Management

PLSC 5123 Public Budgeting and Finance

PLSC 5133 Management of Service Sector Organization

PLSC 5143 Administrative Law

PLSC 5163 Public Policy Formation and Analysis

PLSC 5183 Comparative Public Administration

PLSC 5243 Seminar in State and Local Politics

PADM 584V Special Topics in Public Administration

PLSC 4283 Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations

Special Interest Concentrations: Twelve to 18 graduate semester hours, depending on exercise of the internship, may be chosen in PLSC/PADM and other disciplines with approval of the M.P.A. Program Director. The M.P.A Program Director, in consultation with the student, will develop a set of relevant graduate courses that will help the student in meeting career objectives. Concentrations may be developed for students interested in fields such as local and state government management, nonprofit management, community development, information and technology management, health services administration, human resource management, environmental policy management, and cultural resource management. Other concentrations may be exercised with the consent, advice, and approval of the M.P.A. Program Director.

Internship: (1-6 semester hours). The internship is recommended but not required. It will be offered on a credit/non-credit basis only. The number of semester hour credits depends on the length and full/part-time nature of the internship.

All students will be required to take a written comprehensive examination covering their M.P.A. program. This exam will be graded by at least a three person faculty committee selected by the M.P.A. Program Director. In addition to the successful completion of all course requirements and a passing grade on the written comprehensive examination, each student must present a minimum cumulative grade-point average of 3.00.

The Department of Political Science, the Graduate School, and the School of Law cooperate in offering a dual degree program that allows a student to pursue the M.A. and the J.D. degrees concurrently.

The program described below requires: a) the student only select courses from comparative politics or international relations seminars in political science or equivalent courses in other departments approved by the graduate adviser in political science (total of 18 hours: 3 hours methods and 15 hours from a combination of international relations and comparative politics seminars), 6 additional hours of approved classes; b) the student adhere to the requirements described by the University of Arkansas School of Law.

Students must be admitted to the M.A. program and the School of Law. If a student seeks to enter the dual degree program after enrolling in either the law school or the M.A. program, he or she must obtain admission to the other degree program and the dual program during the first year of study.

The School of Law accepts nine semester hours of M.A. courses to satisfy requirements for the J.D. degree (The student may select from the following: PLSC 5503 Comparative Political Analysis; PLSC 5803 Seminar in International Politics; PLSC 5833 Seminar in Contemporary Problems; PLSC 4583 Political Economy of the Middle East; and ECON 4633 International Trade). Twelve hours of approved law school courses may be counted toward the M.A degree. To qualify for J.D. credit, the M.A. courses must come from a set of core courses and must be approved by the law school and the graduate director in political science. Students must earn a grade of “B” or higher in any M.A courses offered for credit toward the J.D. Students enrolled in law classes that are counted towards their political science degree cannot make a grade of “C” or lower. However, these courses will not be counted against the Graduate School GPA.

For purposes of the M.A. degree, twelve hours of elective courses may be taken in the law school, provided they are not required for the J.D. degree and are in an area of concentration approved by the director of the M.A. program.

Students admitted to the dual degree program may commence their studies in either the law school or the M.A. program but must complete first year course requirements before taking courses in the other degree program. If they do not maintain the academic or ethical standards of either degree program, students may be terminated from the dual degree program. Students in good standing in one degree program but not in the other may be allowed to continue in the other program in which they have good standing and must meet the degree requirements of that program. If for any reason a student admitted to the dual degree program does not complete the M.A. degree, he or she cannot count nine hours of M.A. courses toward the J.D. degree. Likewise, M.A. students may not be able to count certain law courses if they decide to discontinue their studies in the law school. The J.D. will be awarded upon completion of all degree requirements; the M.A. will be awarded upon completion of the comprehensive examination and the successful defense of a master’s thesis, or alternatively, six hours of additional course work.

All students will be required to take a written comprehensive examination covering their M.A. program. This exam will be graded by at least a three-person faculty committee selected by the M.A. Program Director. In addition to the successful completion of all course requirements and a passing grade on the written comprehensive examination, each student must present a minimum cumulative grade-point average of 3.00.

Thesis Option: Students pursuing the thesis option should consult the graduate coordinator of the political science department. The thesis committee must be composed of faculty members from both the School of Law and the Department of Political Science. Thesis credit is 6 hours.

Internship Option: Students may pursue an internship. Internship credit is variable and depends on the number of hours worked. Students in this option must consult with their J.D. and M.A. advisors. An internship work plan and expected academic work products will be developed.

The Department of Political Science, the Graduate School, and the School of Law cooperate in offering a dual degree program that allows a student to pursue the M.P.A. and the J.D. degrees concurrently. Students must be admitted to the M.P.A. program and the School of Law. If a student seeks to enter the dual degree program after enrolling in either the law school or the M.P.A. program, he/she must obtain admission to the other degree program and the dual program during the first year of study.

The School of Law accepts nine semester hours of M.P.A. courses to satisfy requirements for the J.D. degree. Fifteen hours of law school courses may be counted toward the M.P.A degree. To qualify for J.D. credit, the M.P.A. courses must come from a set of core courses and must be approved by the law school. Students must earn a grade of “B” or higher in any M.P.A courses offered for credit toward the J.D. For purposes of the M.P.A. degree, fifteen hours of elective courses may be taken in the law school, provided they are not required for the J.D. degree and are in an area of concentration approved by the director of the M.P.A. program.

Students admitted to the dual degree program may commence their studies in either the law school or the M.P.A. program but must complete first year course requirements before taking courses in the other degree program. If they do not maintain the academic or ethical standards of either degree program, students can be terminated from the dual degree program. Students in good standing in one degree program but not in the other may be allowed to continue in the other program in which they have good standing and must meet the degree requirements of that program. If for any reason a student admitted to the dual degree program does not complete the M.P.A. degree, he/she cannot count nine hours of M.P.A. courses toward the J.D. degree. Likewise, M.P.A. students may not be able to count certain law courses if they decide to discontinue their studies in the law school. The J.D. will be awarded upon completion of all degree requirements; the M.P.A. will be awarded upon completion of the comprehensive examination and the internship (and internship report), or alternatively, six hours of additional course work.

All students will be required to take a written comprehensive examination covering their M.P.A. program. This exam will be graded by at least a three-person faculty committee selected by the M.P.A. Program Director. In addition to the successful completion of all course requirements and a passing grade on the written comprehensive examination, each student must present a minimum cumulative grade-point average of 3.00. Students enrolled in law classes that are counted towards their M.P.A. degree cannot make a grade of “C” or lower. However, these courses will not be counted against the Graduate School GPA.

PLSC400V Special Topics (1-3) (IR)  Topics in political science not usually covered in other courses. May be repeated.

PLSC4053 Political Sociology (FA)  Analysis of political institutions and movements in relation to power, social class, ideology, and related variables.

PLSC4193 Administrative Law (SP)  Legal aspects of the administrative process and the effect of legal principles and processes upon administrative decision-making. Emphasis is given to the limitation of administrative discretion and the judicial review of administrative decision. Prerequisite: PLSC 3103 or PLSC 4253.

PLSC4203 American Political Parties (FA, SP)  The nature, function, and history of political parties in then United States with emphasis on party membership, organization, campaign techniques, finance and electoral alliances. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003.

PLSC4213 Campaigns and Elections (IR)  This course examines the American electoral process. It is an empirical course that provides opportunities for original analysis of survey data and election returns. Emphasis is placed on the most recent federal election.

PLSC4223 The American Congress (FA)  Thorough examination of the constitutional role of the legislative branch under the Constitution; the internal procedures and personalities of the Senate and House; the central place of Congress in shaping domestic and foreign policy. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003.

PLSC4243 Minority Politics (SP)  Reviews political action and concepts of political activity by minority groups, focusing on contemporary political behavior.

PLSC4253 The Supreme Court and the Constitution (FA)  United States Supreme Court decisions involving the functions and powers of Congress, the Supreme Court, and the President and federalism. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003.

PLSC4263 The Supreme Court and Civil Rights (SP)  United States Supreme Court decisions interpreting the political, economic, and civil rights of individuals and groups. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003.

PLSC4273 Political Psychology (SP)  Examines role of the individual in the polity including basic psychological constructs of relevance to political action, the formulation and maintenance of stable political orientations, the patterns linking the individual to the polity, and major modes of inquiry. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003.

PLSC4283 Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations (FA, SP, SU)  Analysis of changes in intergovernmental relations in the American federal system. Discussions will focus on political, economic/fiscal and administrative aspects of policy changes of the pre-and post-Reagan eras.

PLSC4373 Political Communication (SP)  Study of the nature and function of the communication process as it operates in the political environment. (Same as COMM 4373)

PLSC4503 African Politics (SP)  Comparative analysis of structures, processes and problems of selected Sub-Saharan African political systems.

PLSC4513 Creating Democracies  (FA, Even years)  Analyses of the creation of democracies in Europe, South America, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, East Europe, and the former Soviet Union. Prerequisite: PLSC 2013.

PLSC4543 Government and Politics of Eastern Europe (SP)  Study of the politics of East European nations primarily after World War II, with emphasis on the role of the period of communist rule and democratization. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003 or PLSC 2013.

PLSC4563 Government and Politics of Russia (SP)  Study of Russian and Soviet politics after 1917 and of the democratization of Russia and the other successor states. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003 or PLSC 2013.

PLSC4573 Gender and Politics  (SP, Even years)  Examines the significance of gender in politics. Includes discussion of the women’s movement and feminist theory, but emphasizes the content and process of public policy as it relates to women and men. Focus is on the U.S. but final third is devoted to comparative topics. Prerequisite: PLSC 2003 or PLSC 2013.

PLSC4583 Political Economy of the Middle East (FA, SP, SU)  Examines the links between politics and economics in the Middle East and the impact of that nexus on development. Analyses of global and regional integration, oil states, statist development, liberalization and privatization, and resources and population movements to understand power and class in the area.

PLSC4593 Islam and Politics (FA, SP, SU)  Compares contemporary Islamist political movements. Seeks to explain causes, debates, agendas, and strategies of Islamists in the political realm. Addresses sovereignty, the rule of law, visions of the good state and society, and relations between nationalism, religion and political development. Focus on Middle East with comparative reference to other cases.

PLSC4803 Foreign Policy Analysis (SP)  Comparative analysis of foreign policy, with attention paid to explanations at a variety of levels, such as the individual, group, organizational, societal, systemic.

PLSC4813 Politics of the Cold War (FA)  Examines the cold war from different perspectives; nature of the international system during the cold war; American and Soviet perceptions of the cold war; domestic political considerations; impact of the cold war on the economy, culture, and society; end of the cold war; the post-cold war world.

PLSC4823 Foreign Policy of East Asia (SP)  This course provides an introduction to the international relations of two major East Asian states, China and Japan. Key topics include: China and Japan’s interaction with the world political and economic systems; domestic sources of international behavior and major dimensions of foreign policy in the 1980s and 1990s.

PLSC4843 The Middle East in World Affairs (SP)  An analysis of geo-political and socio-economic characteristics of Middle Eastern societies and their impact on world economic and political order. Special attention to such issues as the Arab-Israeli conflict, the promotion of lasting peace in the region, impact of oil on world politics, the involvement of superpowers, rehabilitation of Palestinian refugees and the role of the United Nations.

PLSC4873 Inter-American Politics (SP)  An analysis of the political themes, regional organization, and hemispheric relations that constitute the inter-American system, with special emphasis on conflict and cooperation in the hemispheric policies of the American republics. Prerequisite: junior standing.

PLSC4903 Democratic Theory (FA, SP, SU)  Analysis and comparison of classical and contemporary theories of democracy.

PLSC4923 Karl Marx: Life, Work and Legacy (SP)  This course examines the writings of Karl Marx. Students will read and discuss his major works, including Capital, The German Ideology, and Grundrisse. In order to understand Marx’s writing, students will also explore his life, times, and legacy.

PLSC5103 Human Behavior in Complex Organizations (FA)  Review of the fundamental literature and a systematic analysis of various theories and research focusing on organization and behavior in public administration, including the discussion of organizational development, human motivation, leadership, rationality, efficiency and conflict management in public organizations. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5113 Seminar in Human Resource Management (SP)  Intensive study of public personnel policies and practices, including legal foundations, classification and compensation plans, recruitment and selection processes, training, employment policies and morale, employee relations and organization. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5123 Public Budgeting and Finance (FA)  Focuses on the budgeting process and governmental fiscal policy formulation, adoption, and execution. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5133 Management of Service Sector Organizations (SP)  This course provides an overview of the principal management functions in public and nonprofit organizations. Topics include financial management, HR development, program development. The relationships among volunteer boards of trustees, fund raising, public relations, and program personnel are analyzed, and the complex environments with service sector agencies are explored.

PLSC5143 Administrative Law (IR)  A seminar which examines the constitutional and statutory basis and authority of public organizations. Special attention focuses on the nature of the rule-making and adjudicatory powers of public agencies and on executive, legislative, and judicial restraints on such activities. Also considered is the role, scope, and place of public regulatory activities. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5153 Environmental Politics and Policy  (FA, Even years)  Surveys recent patterns of environmentalism in the U.S. and explores the nature of policy making with regard to environmental and economic development issues. Several debates are presented, such as conservation vs. preservation, multiple use vs. sustainability, intergovernmental policy implementation, incentives, and free market environmentalism.

PLSC5163 Public Policy (SP)  Research seminar examining the study of public policy making in complex human systems. Attention given to issues dealing with cognitive limitations in decisional settings, the use of reasoned persuasion vs. power, the appropriate application of technical analysis. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5183 Comparative Public Administration (IR)  A comparative study of administrative structures and processes in selected modern and modernizing political systems. Analysis includes the consideration of cultural, legal and political factors influencing the operation of bureaucratic institutions, developmental goals, and the methods of establishing and administering programs of social, economic and political development. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5193 Seminar in Public Administration (FA)  Introduction to and synthesis of public administration theory, functions, history, public accountability and management concerns, economic impact of administrative decisions, current problems, and issues in the public sector. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5203 Seminar in American Political Institutions (FA)  Research seminar dealing with selected aspects of the major governmental institutions in the United States. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5213 Seminar in American Political Behavior (SP)  Reading seminar surveying major works on representative processes in American national politics, including political opinion, political leadership, political participation, voting behavior, political parties, and interest groups. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5223 Seminar in Legislative Processes and Behavior (FA)  Research seminar dealing with legislative processes and behavior in the United States. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5233 Disability Policy in the United States (FA, SP, SU)  An analysis of public policy approaches to disability in the United States. Examines the political and philosophical origins of disability policy; reviews major disability legislation and its effects on policy stakeholders; describes recent policy initiatives; analyzes evolution of disability policy with context of changing societal, economic and political conditions. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5243 Seminar in State and Local Politics (FA, SP, SU)  Research seminar dealing with selected aspects of state and local institutions and politics such as comparative policy-making, political culture variations, and community power structures. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5383 Seminar in Political Communication (IR)  Research seminar focusing on selected topics such as candidate imagery, diffusion of political information, or political symbolism. (Same as COMM 5383) Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5503 Comparative Political Analysis (FA)  A selection of topics to provide the theoretical, conceptual and methodological and foundation for the analysis of contemporary political systems. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5513 Seminar in Politics of the Middle East (FA, SP, SU)  Explores the major lines of inquiry on the politics of the state and society in the context of endogenous and exogenous forces that have influenced conceptions of power, legitimacy, and identity. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5523 Topics in Politics of the Middle East (FA, SP, SU)  Indepth analysis of specific political phenomena in the contemporary Middle East. Inquiry will vary but may focus on gender, political economy, politics of inclusion and exclusion (democratization and authoritarianism), or the politics of oil. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5563 Russian and Soviet Political Systems (SP)  Study of the political systems of the Soviet Union and the successor states. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5573 Political Change in Latin America  (SP, Even years)  Research seminar analyzing obstacles to change in Latin America while utilizing both North American and Latin American research frameworks and techniques that deal with the theory and measurement of stability and development. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC560V Teaching Foreign Cultures in Social Studies Curriculum (1-6) (SU)  Extensive examination of foreign cultures (West Europe, USSR, China, Latin America) and methods of teaching about them in secondary school social studies. Four week residential summer institute.

PLSC5803 Seminar in International Politics (FA)  Research seminar providing intensive coverage of selected topics in theories of international relations, the comparative study of foreign policy making, and international organizations. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5833 Seminar in Contemporary Problems (FA)  Seminar with concentrated reading in selected and specialized areas of contemporary international relations. May be repeated for 6 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5843 International Legal Order (SP)  Analysis of distinctive characteristics of contemporary international law. Topics include role of legal order in controlling the use of force in international relations and the impact of social and political environment on growth of international law and relations among international political systems. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC590V Directed Readings in Political Science (1-3) (FA, SP, SU)  May be repeated for 6 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5913 Research Methods in Political Science (FA)  Methods relevant to research in the various fields of political science. Required of all graduate students in political science. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC592V Internship in Political Science (1-6) (FA, SP, SU)  Internship in a local, state, regional, or federal agency. Paper required on a significant aspect of internship experience. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC595V Research Problems in Political Science (1-3) (FA, SP, SU)  May be repeated for 6 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5963 Modern Political Thought (FA)  European political thinking since the rise of the nation-state and the relevance of that tradition to contemporary politics. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC5973 Contemporary Normative Political Theory (SP)  Analysis of current normative problems of political theory such as obligation, dissent, justification, sovereignty and tolerance, and major schools of thought including Marxism, liberalism and western conservatism. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PLSC600V Master’s Thesis (1-6) (FA, SP, SU)  

PLSC690V Directed Research (1-3) (FA, SP, SU)  Doctoral level directed readings and research. May be repeated for 6 hours.

PADM5803 Quantitative Methods Analysis (FA)  Data analysis techniques, including descriptive and inferential statistics and packaged computer programs. Prerequisite: (Appropriate undergraduate statistics course or equivalent) and graduate standing.

PADM5813 Methods in Public Management Information (SP)  Quantitative approaches toward an understanding of public administration and statistical tools for analysis of administrative problems and programs. Prerequisite: PADM 5803 or equivalent and graduate standing.

PADM5823 Grantwriting for the Social Sciences (IR)  This course will teach students the fundamentals of obtaining grants from local, state and federal agencies.

PADM584V Special Topics in Public Administration (1-3) (IR)  Topic varies. May be repeated for 6 hours.

PADM587V Professional Development (1-6) (FA, SP, SU)  Encompasses internships, professional projects if individual is employed full-time and not eligible for an internship, conference and workshop participation, and other activities conducive to the students development as a public service professional.

PADM588V Directed Readings (1-3) (FA, SP, SU)  Prerequisite: graduate standing.

PADM589V Independent Research (1-3) (FA, SP, SU)  Prerequisite: graduate standing.